Raman Spectroscopy for Single Crystal Characterization

Raman spectroscopy has become an invaluable tool in single-crystal studies, offering precise, nondestructive insights into crystal structures, electronic properties, and lattice vibrations. This method enables detailed analysis of crystal orientation, defect presence, and phase identity, making it indispensable for applications in electronics, optics, and advanced materials research. The simplicity of sample preparation, combined with its sensitivity to crystallinity and environmental factors, positions Raman spectroscopy as a powerful tool in characterizing materials for quality assurance and innovation in optoelectronics and photonic technologies. Despite its strengths, Raman spectroscopy faces certain limitations, such as sensitivity to laser-induced heat, fluorescence interference, and challenges in analysing metals. To address these issues, researchers have developed techniques such as controlled laser power, sample cooling, and alternative wavelengths to preserve sample integrity and clarity. The integration of machine learning further enhances the analysis of complex spectral data, opening new possibilities for rapid and accurate high-throughput applications. As such, Raman spectroscopy continues to evolve, enabling deeper understanding and broader applications across fields in materials science. This chapter explains the fundamental principles, advantages, and limitations of Raman spectroscopy in single crystal studies, while also highlighting recent advancements, including machine learning applications, that are enhancing its analytical power across various scientific fields.