Second Harmonic Generation and Measurement Techniques

Measuring second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency and second order nonlinear optical (NLO) susceptibility is fundamental to the advancement of nonlinear optics, as it provides insights into the material properties, experimental conditions, and the performance of SHG-based devices. It aids in the optimization of NLO materials, ensures proper phase matching, and enhances the performance of practical devices across various fields, including laser technology, telecommunication, biomedical imaging, and quantum optics. Whether for fundamental research or applied technology development, accurate measurement of SHG efficiency is critical for driving innovation in nonlinear optical science and engineering. In this chapter, an introduction to basic second order NLO effects has been given and experimental methods to determine SHG efficiency and second order NLO susceptibility has been reviewed.