CYBERSECURITY IN THE CLOUD: DATA CONFIDENTIALITY AND INTEGRITY USING HOMOMORPHIC ENCRYPTION

As cloud computing becomes more prevalent, guaranteeing the security of confidential data has become a top priority. Although conventional encryption methods protect data in transit and at rest, they fail at processing and thus leave data open to possible breaches. By allowing calculations directly on encrypted data without needing decryption, therefore maintaining data secrecy throughout the process, homomorphic encryption (HE) evolves as a transformative solution. The use of HE in cloud settings to improve data confidentiality and integrity is discussed in this article. It covers the several kinds of homomorphic encryption systems, their advantages and disadvantages, and how they can be combined with verifiable computation approaches to guarantee data correctness. Actual applications in healthcare, finance, and machine learning show how HE could enable privacy-preserving cloud computing. HE offers a future-proof method for safe cloud data processing, guaranteeing adherence to privacy rules and building trust in cloud services even in light of current issues including computing overhead.